Edit Section: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for Human Beans

!!# Boot-repair (in multi-boot environments)

Thse instructions will save you some headache in a multi-boot environment when one OS changes the boot menu and doesn't allow you boot in your preFfered OS. You can boot from an Ubuntu live CS/DVD/USB, and install boot-repair program from its own repo, with:

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{CODE(colors="shell" ln="1")}

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

{CODE}

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More information: 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

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Non installed yet:

* jitsi -> installed by hand frmo their website, v 2.8.x

* linux-firmware-nonfree 

* gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad-multiverse -> gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad

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Other useful programs installed by hand in a later stage:

* rstudio

* chrome

* jitsi

* gdiskdump

* phpstorm

* acroread

* canon scangear MG3000. See ((Canon PIXMA MG3000 Printer and Scanner))

* "Master pdf editor"

+ http://www.webupd8.org/2014/02/modify-pdf-files-in-linux-with-master.html

+ ([http://code-industry.net/free-pdf-editor.php])

* elastic search

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You can test email sending in the command line with:

{CODE(colors="shell")}

echo testing | mail -s test_subject youremail@example.com

{CODE}

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!!!# Main changes noticed for human beans

Good:

* Bluetooth works by default with most devices

* Battery icon displays battery info for connectd bluetooth devices using batteries (mouse, keyboard, etc)

* Icon to edit microphone volume levels shows up automatically on the top bar when the microphone is in use

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Confusing:

* "USB startup creator" doesn't let you choose a persistent partition file when creating bootable usb disks with ubuntu distros.

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!!!# Extra R packages to be installed

Usual R packages that are useful in many cases. You can install them in an R console in a terminal (Type "R" in the terminal to launch the R console), or through RStudio command line.

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{CODE(colors="r", ln="1", caption="Run in an R console")}

if (!require(devtools)) install.packages("devtools"); library(devtools)

# Check Availability of package manager "PacMan" (and install it, if missing)

# if you have R < 3.5

if (version$major==3 && version$minor < 5) {

  # Instal.la devtools si et cal

  if (!require("devtools")) install.packages("devtools"); require("devtools")

  if (!require("pacman")) {

    cat("R Version: ", paste0(version$major,".",version$minor), ". ")

    cat("Tens una versió de R anterior a 3.5, per tant, instal.lem la versió corresponent de PacMan (0.4.1)\n")

    # Instal.la la darrera versió de pacman (0.4.1) que anava abans de la que va només amb R 3.5+ (pacman v0.5)

    install_version("pacman", version = "0.4.1"); require("pacman")

  }

} else {

  # if you have R 3.5 or higher

  if (!require("pacman")) install.packages("pacman"); require("pacman")

}

p_load("devtools", "plotly", "Nozzle.R1", "VennDiagram", "stringr", "xml2", "parallel", "data.table", "doParallel", "xtable", "plyr", "dplyr", "reshape2", "rjson", "d3heatmap", "htmlwidgets", "googleVis", "doMC", "knitr", "checkpoint", "sem", "rmarkdown", "relimp", "aplpack",  "addinslist", "tidyverse", "magick", "webshot", "pacman", "officer", "flextable", "huxtable", "RODBC", "leaflet", "gitlabr", "colorspace", "mapdeck", "rsvg", "png", "cartography", "magick", "rJava", "rio", "sf", "png", "rsvg", "xml2", "sparklyr", "rgdal", "rosm", "tmap")

# library(devtools);if(!require(rCharts)) install_github('rCharts', 'ramnathv') # deprecated approach of doing fancy charts - kept here for historical purposes only

{CODE} 

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!!!# Install new php versions and switch between them

Ubuntu 18.04 comes with php 7.2, and some php applications might still fail with php 7.2 .Therefore, in some cases, it might be sensible to have both php 7.0 and php 5.x, so that you can choose which version to use for your needs at any time. Or even better, 7.1. You need to add a new repository to have other versions of php available, and you will require the equivalent branch for a patched apache2 that will work with the other php version repository.

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You can do so with:

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{CODE(colors="shell")}

xavi@computer# sudo su

root@computer# add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

root@computer# add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/apache2

root@computer# apt-get update

root@computer# apt-get install php5.6 php5.6-mysql php-gettext php5.6-mbstring php-xdebug libapache2-mod-php5.6  php5.6-curl php5.6-gd php5.6-mcrypt php5.6-xml php5.6-xmlrpc libphp5.6-embed  php-memcache php5.6-intl php5.6-zip  php5.6-sqlite3   php5.6-zip

root@computer# apt-get install php7.1 php7.1-mysql php-gettext php7.1-mbstring php-xdebug libapache2-mod-php7.1  php7.1-curl php7.1-gd php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-xml php-xml-parser php7.1-xmlrpc libphp7.1-embed  php-memcache php7.1-intl php7.1-zip  php7.1-sqlite3  php7.1-zip

root@computer# apt-get install php7.2 php7.2-mysql php-gettext php7.2-mbstring php-xdebug libapache2-mod-php7.2  php7.2-curl php7.2-gd php7.2-xml php7.2-xmlrpc libphp7.2-embed  php-memcache php7.2-intl php7.2-zip  php7.2-sqlite3 php7.2-zip

root@computer# apt-get install php7.3 php7.3-mysql php-gettext php7.3-mbstring php-xdebug libapache2-mod-php7.3  php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-xml php7.3-xmlrpc libphp7.3-embed  php-memcache php7.3-intl php7.3-zip  php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-zip

root@computer# apt-get install php7.4 php7.4-mysql php-gettext php7.4-mbstring php-xdebug libapache2-mod-php7.4  php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlrpc libphp7.4-embed  php-memcache php7.4-intl php7.4-zip  php7.4-sqlite3 php7.4-zip

{CODE}

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Eventually Installing both php5.6 & php7.* resulted in a lot of complaining from apt and lots of conflicts. The first suggested resolution was to remove all the stock php5 packages so that PHP 5.6 could be installed - so I just accepted the first suggestion.

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The config files are all in /etc/php/5.6 and /etc/php/7.* respectively - inside here is where you can configure which extensions are loaded, set the ini settings, and everything else for each version in isolation.

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So to switch from php 5.6 to php 7.2 you need to do two things:

{CODE(colors="shell")}

# For php in web apps

user@computer:/# sudo a2dismod php5.6; sudo a2enmod php7.2; sudo service apache2 restart

# For php-cli in the command line

user@computer:/# sudo ln -sfn /usr/bin/php7.2 /etc/alternatives/php

user@computer:/# php -v

# PHP 7.2.x (...)

# Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group

# Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies

{CODE}

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or from php7.2 to php5.6:

{CODE(colors="shell")}

# For php in web apps

user@computer:/# sudo a2dismod php7.2 ; sudo a2enmod php5.6 ; sudo service apache2 restart

# For php-cli in the command line

user@computer:/# sudo ln -sfn /usr/bin/php5.6 /etc/alternatives/php

user@computer:/# php -v

# PHP 5.6.21-1+donate.sury.org~xenial+2 (cli) 

# Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group

# Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies

#    with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies

{CODE}

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From the commandline, I have both php5.6 and php7.2 available as commands. I also still have a php command - look in /etc/alternatives to see that it symlinks to a particular version of PHP cli*. You can also quickly check which yours is using by running php -v.

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Remember that php.ini and other files with settings are not in /etc/php5 anymore but in /etc/php/__version__/

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